See -dus on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_text": "Related to -us.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-duse",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-dust",
"tags": [
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "et-decl-harjutus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "11/harjutus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-dus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dused",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dused",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dused",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-duste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dust",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusisse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duselt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustelt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusteks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusteni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusteta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusega",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustega",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "et-decl-katus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "9/katus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-dus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dused",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dused",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dused",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-duste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dust",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseid",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseisse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duselt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustelt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusteks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusteni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusteta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusega",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustega",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"10": "",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "-duse",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "partitive",
"8": "-dust",
"9": "",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"f1accel-form": "gen|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f2accel-form": "gen|s",
"f3accel-form": "par|s",
"f3request": "1",
"f4accel-form": "par|s",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-dus (genitive -duse, partitive -dust)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-duse",
"2": "-dust",
"suff": "1"
},
"expansion": "-dus (genitive -duse, partitive -dust)",
"name": "et-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-du"
},
"name": "et-decl-harjutus"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-du"
},
"name": "et-decl-katus"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian harjutus-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian katus-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "vaba (“free”) + -dus → vabadus (“freedom”)"
},
{
"text": "sala (“secretly”) + -dus → saladus (“secret”)"
},
{
"text": "kare (“rough”) + -dus → karedus (“roughness”)"
},
{
"text": "harima (“to educate”) + -dus → haridus (“education”)"
},
{
"text": "isa (“father”) + -dus → isadus (“paternity”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derives nouns from words generally ending with vowels"
],
"id": "en--dus-et-suffix-fvKrvleV",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-dus"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "romanization",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-dus",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-dus",
"name": "got-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-𐌳𐌿𐍃"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gothic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gothic romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"romanization of -𐌳𐌿𐍃"
],
"id": "en--dus-got-romanization-u8OsFc~L",
"links": [
[
"-𐌳𐌿𐍃",
"-𐌳𐌿𐍃#Gothic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "-dus"
}
{
"etymology_text": "Related to -us.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-duse",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-dust",
"tags": [
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "et-decl-harjutus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "11/harjutus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-dus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dused",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dused",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dused",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-duste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dust",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusisse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duselt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustelt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusteks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusteni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusteta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusega",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustega",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "et-decl-katus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "9/katus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-dus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dused",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dused",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dused",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-duste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dust",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseid",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseisse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duselt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustelt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusteks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusteni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-duseta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusteta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dusega",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dustega",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"10": "",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "-duse",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "partitive",
"8": "-dust",
"9": "",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"f1accel-form": "gen|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f2accel-form": "gen|s",
"f3accel-form": "par|s",
"f3request": "1",
"f4accel-form": "par|s",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-dus (genitive -duse, partitive -dust)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-duse",
"2": "-dust",
"suff": "1"
},
"expansion": "-dus (genitive -duse, partitive -dust)",
"name": "et-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-du"
},
"name": "et-decl-harjutus"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-du"
},
"name": "et-decl-katus"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Estonian harjutus-type nominals",
"Estonian katus-type nominals",
"Estonian lemmas",
"Estonian noun-forming suffixes",
"Estonian suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "vaba (“free”) + -dus → vabadus (“freedom”)"
},
{
"text": "sala (“secretly”) + -dus → saladus (“secret”)"
},
{
"text": "kare (“rough”) + -dus → karedus (“roughness”)"
},
{
"text": "harima (“to educate”) + -dus → haridus (“education”)"
},
{
"text": "isa (“father”) + -dus → isadus (“paternity”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derives nouns from words generally ending with vowels"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-dus"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "romanization",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-dus",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-dus",
"name": "got-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-𐌳𐌿𐍃"
}
],
"categories": [
"Gothic entries with incorrect language header",
"Gothic non-lemma forms",
"Gothic romanizations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"romanization of -𐌳𐌿𐍃"
],
"links": [
[
"-𐌳𐌿𐍃",
"-𐌳𐌿𐍃#Gothic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "-dus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -dus meaning in All languages combined (8.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (96027d6 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.